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8
9
10 **1 Project Information**
11
12
13 **1.1 Project Title:** Innovative approaches to applied computations and software development for gender equality regulation on labour market
14
15
16
17 **1.2 Project Science and Technology Areas:**
18
19
20 **Primary:**        Industrial Technologies
21
22 **Secondary:**    Environmental and Non-Nuclear Energy Research
23
24
25 **1.3 Project Manager:**
26
27
28 **Name:**            Colesnicova Tatiana Vladimir (PhD, Associate Professor)
29
30 **Phone:**            (+373.22) 501104
31
32 **Fax:**                (+373.22) 743794
33
34 **E-mail:**           ctania@gmail.com
35
36
37 **1.4 Coordinating Institution:**
38
39 **Name:**            National Institute for Economic Research of Ministry of Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of  of Moldova
40
41 **Address:**        MD-2064, 45, Ion Creanga, Сhisinau, Moldova
42
43
44 **1.5 Participating institution manager:**
45
46
47
48 **Name:**            Colesnicov Alexandru Eugeniu (PhD, Associate Professor)
49
50 **Phone:**            (+373.22) 738073
51
52 **Fax:**                (+373.22) 738027
53
54 **E-mail:**           acolesnicov@gmx.com
55
56
57 **1.6 Participating Institution:**
58
59
60
61 **Name:**            Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science  of Ministry of Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of  of Moldova
62
63 **Address:**        MD-2028, Academy, 5, Chisinau, Moldova
64
65
66 **1.7 Foreign Collaborators:**
67
68
69
70 **Person:**           Vasa Laszlo
71
72 **Country:**        Hungary
73
74 **Organization:**Institute For Foreign Affairs And Trade
75
76 **Phone:**            (+36.1) 2795702
77
78 **Fax:**                (+36.1) 2795701
79
80 **E-mail:**           laszlo.vasa@ifat.hu
81
82
83
84 **Person:**           Ghinararu Catalin-Corneliu
85
86 **Country:**        Romania
87
88 **Organization:**National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection
89
90 **Phone:**            (+40.21) 3124069
91
92 **Fax:**                (+40.21) 3117595
93
94 **E-mail:**           catalin.ghinararu@gmail.com
95
96
97
98 **Person:**           Forascu Corina
99
100 **Country:**        Romania
101
102 **Organization:**Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi
103
104 **Phone:**            (+40.232) 201090
105
106 **Fax:**                (+40.232) 201490
107
108 **E-mail:**           corina.forascu@gmail.com
109
110
111
112 **Person:**           Ciobanu Ghenadie
113
114 **Country:**        Romania
115
116 **Organization:**National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection
117
118 **Phone:**            (+40.213) 124069
119
120 **Fax:**                (+40.213) 117595
121
122 **E-mail:**           ghenadc@gmail.com
123
124
125
126 **Person:**           Verlan Serghei
127
128 **Country:**        France
129
130 **Organization:**Universite Paris Est Creteil, LACL, Departement Informatique
131
132 **Phone:**            (+33.0) 145176600
133
134 **Fax:**                (+33.0) 145176600
135
136 **E-mail:**           verlan@u-pec.fr
137
138
139
140 **1.8 Project location and facilities:**
141
142
143 The National Institute for Economic Research is located in Chisinau, Ion Creanga str., 45. It has 60 rooms. The project team members (3 persons) from this institute are working in 2 of them: 307, 302. The Institute possesses the necessary infrastructure for research in economic science: own library, a network of 85 computers connected to Internet, printers, scanners, Xerox, fax.
144
145 The Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science is located in Chisinau, Academiei str., 5. It has 50 rooms. The project team members (3 persons) from this institute are working in 2 of them: 308, 318. The Institute possesses the necessary infrastructure for research in computer science: own library, a network of 80 computers connected to Internet, printers, scanners, Xerox, fax.
146
147 The research team from both institutes has the necessary computer resources (six PCs are available) and capabilities for successful realization of the project.
148
149
150
151
152 **2          Detailed Description of Work Plan**
153
154
155 **2.1 Introduction**
156
157
158 == What is the problem? ==
159
160 //Describe the current state of the problem, the area of research, and why this problem is important.//
161
162
163 Women represent one half of the global population. They deserve equal access to health, education, decent work, workplaces free from discrimination and political representation. According to the //Klaus Schwab// - Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum: “People and their talents are two of the core drivers of sustainable, long-term economic growth. If half of these talents are underdeveloped or underutilized, the economy will never grow as it could. Multiple studies have shown that healthy and educated women are more likely to have healthier and more educated children, creating a positive, virtuous cycle for the broader population. … Governments have an important role to play in creating policies that provide women and men with equal access to opportunities, companies must also create workplaces where the best talent can flourish” [1, preface].
164
165 The problem of gender equality is significant at the international level, which is reflected in a lot of international acts. Several documents regulating the ensuring of equality between men and women in society were adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations. In particular, the problems of equality of rights and possibilities for men and women are separated as an independent theme in the United Nations act “//The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women//” (CEDAW, 1979). This Convention emphasizes that the discrimination of women, namely, distinction, exclusion, or limitation on the gender base, takes place, and admits that “the change in the traditional role of men as well as the role of women in society and in the family is needed to achieve full equality between men and women..., and the social significance of maternity and the role of both parents in the family and in the upbringing of children, and aware that the role of women in procreation should not be a basis for discrimination but that the upbringing of children requires a sharing of responsibility between men and women and society as a whole” [2, preamble]. Also, the member states of the UN identified this topic as one of the eight Millennium Development Goals.
166
167 Also, some of ILO Conventions in the field of women’s rights protection in the employment sphere was an important contribution in the solution of the gender problem in the world. The most important of them are: No. 100 “Convention concerning Equal Remuneration for Men and Women Workers for Work of Equal Value” (1951); No. 111 “Convention concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation” (1958); No. 122 “Convention concerning Employment Policy” (1964).
168
169 According to the World Bank, gender equality enhances economic development, improves prospects for future generations and strengthens political and social systems. Though women now comprise more than 40% of the world’s labor force, they still lag behind men in terms of earnings and productivity. Women also face greater obstacles when it comes to participation in social and political institutions. Particularly in developing nations, the gender gap hinders economic and social development and destabilizes the political environment.
170
171 The World Economic Forum has revealed a strong correlation between a country’s competitiveness and how it educates and uses its female talent. It confirms that: “…empowering women means a more efficient use of a nation’s human talent endowment and that reducing gender inequality enhances productivity and economic growth. Over time, therefore, a nation’s competitiveness depends, among other things, on whether and how it educates and utilizes its female talent.” [1, p.39].
172
173 On the labour market of each country the problems with gender inequality appear in following aspects: gender vertical and horizontal segregation, discrimination, inequality in payment for similar work with men, in work-home flexibility, etc. At the improvement of gender indicators on the labour market it is necessary to take into consideration a role of the key participants of the labour market (state, employers, trade unions, and society) influencing the employed men and women.
174
175 * State: creates political, legislative, and macroeconomic conditions for employment, controls and supervises it.
176 * Employers: directly forming the labour demand.
177 * Trade unions: associate and represent workers, provide collective protection, and advance interests of workers before employers and the state.
178 * Society: forms customs and traditions that establish mentality in the country.
179
180 The influence** **of**// //**//employers// on gender equality in employment is really great. It is important to pass the gender-oriented laws, to create gender institutions in the states, but it is also important to solve problems on the micro-economic level. All practical mechanisms of realization of any gender policy at the micro-economic level are closely related with the enterprises of different ownership, sizes, and kinds of activity. Implementation of real practical measures to insure gender equality in employment is reasonable and effective on the level of enterprises. The complexity is that each sep­arate enterprise has its individual system of internal management. The results of gender actions within the framework of such internal control system of the company can be maximal because men and women work at these enterprises daily facing those internal features of the management and rules. Would these practical mechanisms of perfection of gender equality be closely coordinated as a component of internal management of the enterprises, the results from those mechanisms will make positive impact on the particular workers of the particular enterprises.
181
182
183
184 **2.1       Literature Search**
185
186
187 == What are other people doing? ==
188
189 //Describe the main achievements and weak points in this field in the world and in your own country.    List the leading scientists and other specialists in this field. Be sure to look beyond the Commonwealth of Independent States, to include the other major scientific and industrial nations, when compiling this list.//
190
191
192 The gender inequality problems were discussed in 60-70th years of ХХ-th century by American scientists in the //neo-classical theory//, particularly, by G. Becker, L. Thurow, T. Schultz, etc. Till now the neo-classical direction is the most developed. The economic reasons of men and women inequality and their consequences were researched by the following scientists: P. Doeringer and M. Piore, E. Phelps, D. Aigner and G. Cain, etc. The elaboration of the instruments for the gender equality evaluation in the sphere of employment was reflected in works of the following scientists: R. Anker, O. Duncan, J. Mincer, R. Oaxaca, A. Blinder, etc.
193
194 On the basis of "human capital" concept, J. Mincer invented the econometric model, which has established dependence between person’s earnings and educational level, experience, and other factors characterizing the human capital accumulated by the worker [3]. Further, other indicators were included in Mincer's equation, for example, socially-demographic characteristics, such as gender, residence, marital status, enterprise sector (state or private), number of employees at the enterprise, number of subordinates, full/part work time, etc.
195
196 Neo-classics explain difference in men and women earnings through "human capital" concept. Distinction in the worker’s personal characteristics, both congenital and acquired, leads to various labour productivity, and, accordingly, are estimated by the employer at the appointment of the wages. According to G. Becker, longer vocational training ensures to the worker higher level of wages in the future [4, p. 35].
197
198 To explain existing discrimination in the sphere of employment, neo-classic economists offered three different approaches: discrimination, as consequence of employer preferences, consumer preferences, or work’s collaborator preferences; statistical discrimination; discrimination based on segmentation of labour market and caused by its monopoly structure.
199
200 It is necessary to mention the papers of the American scientists: R. Oaxaca “Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets” [5], and A. Blinder “Wage discrimination: reduced form and structural estimates” [6],**// //**which have been appeared concurrently in 1973. In that research they went further than J. Mincer. With the invention of gender decomposition in wages, they have actually offered a method which allows to estimate the gender gap and discrimination in wages.
201
202 The theory of propensity to discrimination on the level of preferences or biases from employer, consumer, and worker’s collaborators was introduced by G. Becker in 1957 in his work “The economics of discrimination” [7]. G. Becker set up the assumption that a part of employers preferred recruiting the certain worker’s group, including on the sex basis. For this preference, they are ready to bear additional costs paying bigger salary for those workers groups, which are more preferable for him.
203
204 The “//Statistical theory of discrimination”// is described in works of such American scientists, as: E. Phelps “The statistical theory of racism and sexism” [8], D. Aigner and G. Cain “Statistical theories of discrimination in labor markets” [9]. Statistical discrimination is based on employers "//statistical bias//", which extend for particular women properties and characteristics that they consider as inherent for all representatives of this sex. If the employer is firmly convinced that the man is capable to perform certain work better than woman, he will make the choice in man’s favour without spending the time to obtain trustworthy information.
205
206 The "//dual labour market//" concept of P. Doeringer and M. Piore [10] assumes that the market is segmented and consists of two segments, kernel and periphery. Men with the high level of wages, stable employment, good labour conditions, and prospects of career growth are concentrated at the kernel. On the contrary, women with low wages, bad labour conditions, and little career possibilities are concentrated at the periphery. It is supposed that transition from one sector to another is limited.
207
208 The traditional attitude to women on a labour market as to unstable, unreliable labour force is considered as the main cause of forming and saving of two-sector’s structure. All this leads to their replacement in a secondary sector.
209
210 Thus, though the neo-classics claimed within the limits of economic theory that the market functions effectively, actually, the discrimination approach to hiring and career, distinction in payment, subjectively negative attitude to women promoted by the employers cannot be considered as rational actions.
211
212 The works of the modern foreign scientists have great value for the development of methodological and theoretical research of gender aspects in a labour market. The methodological aspects dedicated to this theme were analyzed in the papers of the following scientists: E. Mezentseva, K. Fofanova etc. The typology aspects of the country’s social policy were examined in the works of the following researches: G. Esping-Andersen, T. Larsen, H. Melkas and R. Anker, J. Lewis, S. Gal and G. Kligman. The problems of identification and analysis of gender horizontal and vertical segregation, the human capital influencing on men and women wages, the evaluation of gender discrimination in earnings were researched in the works of following present-day scientists: J. Hansen and R. Wahlberg, I. Ganguli and K. Terrell, J. Dolado, F. Felgueroso, J. Jimeno, Y. Guo, M. Baker and N. Fortin, F. Pastore and A. Vereshchagina, D. Andren and Th. Andren, T. Riim and E. Kallaste, M. Johansson and K. Katz, P. Tominc and M. Rebernik, D. Jolliffe, etc. Also, the gender equality problems on a labour market have reflexion in the scientific works of researches from the countries with transitive economy: S. Roshchin, I. Maltzeva, A. Oshepkov, C. Ogloblin, T. Stuken, Z. Hotkina, etc.
213
214 The practice of gender audit is widespread in developed countries. The International Labor Organ­ization actively promotes and supports this direction, including its methodological level.
215
216 Since 60th of last century, research publications of well-known Moldovan scientists have been dedicated the female labour problems. In the earlier works of the doctor habilitat N. Shishkan widely researched the problems of female labour. In her work “Female labour in the conditions of a developed socialism” (rus.: «Труд женщин в условиях развитого социализма») (1976), she noticed that “being a component of labour, female labour has there are own features” [11, p. 6]. In this work, the characteristics of female labour features in foreign countries in 80^^th^^ of the previous epoch are resulted: “... incomplete involving of women in a social production... the big adherence of worked women to unemployment... the women’s discrimination in payment... women’s employment in mainly not qualified and little qualified kinds of labour... the deep antagonistic contradiction between necessity of participation in social activities and motherhood functions performance... join of women to work, mainly with the part time working day or with incomplete working week” [11, p. 23-30]. Concluding, that despite substantial growth of the occupied number of women involving in a social production, participation of women in all branches of the national economy, the high educational level, “the contradictions of female labour… are not resolved yet up to the end” [11, p. 38].
217
218 The intensity of scientific contacts with foreign scientists promoted the distribution and development in Moldova of a new scientific direction as gender researches. Though, as it has been told above, the problems of female employment in Moldova were researched by the scientists since 60th of last century, but gender researches in employment have started to research rather recently. Thereupon, it would be notice, that during last years, the most significant scientific publications closely connected with the problems of gender equality in employment sphere, dedicated following works: V.Trofimov “Women and men on the labour market in the Republic of Moldova” (rom.: «Femei şi bărbaţi pe piaţa muncii în Republica Moldova»); A.Birca, D.Vaculovschi, etc. “The women’s situation on a labour market” (rom.: «Situaţia femeilor pe piaţa forţei de muncă»); I.Pirtachi, E.Cara, Il.Pirtachi “Gender inequality in incomes and in other welfare characteristics of the population” (rom.: «Inegalitatea de gen în venituri şi alţi indicatori de bunăstare a populaţiei»); E.Aculai “Conditions for enterprise creation and development: gender analysis”.
219
220 The report of the Moldovan researchers group “Revelation of the gender discrimination phenomenon in the labour market of the Republic of Moldova” (rus.: «Выявление феномена дискриминации по полу на рынке труда в Республике Молдова») is dedicated the problems of discrimination on a labour market of Moldova. The results of this research were elaborated within the limits of the project 2005-2006 “Combating gender  discrimination on a labour market and revealing the possibilities to reduction of this phenomenon in the Republic of Moldova” (rus.: «Борьба с дискриминацией по полу на рынке труда и выявление возможностей сокращения этого феномена в Республике Молдова») [12]. By the results of the research “the majority of interviewed persons (80.9%) consider that gender discrimination on the labour market today is a serious problem” and that “basically women are subject to gender discrimination” [12, p. 20]. Generalizing the opinions of interviewed persons, researchers come to the conclusion that: “Gender discrimination on a labour market, which referees to women, takes place at all stages of labour activity: recruiting; payments; promotions on "//career// ladder"; ensuring maternity leave assistance; dismissals; seek-live assistance; ensuring of vocation; training at the enterprise” [12, p. 30]. Three principal kinds of women’s discrimination are especially maintained: at the recruiting on labour, at the promotions on "//career// //ladder//", at the payment [12, p. 29].
221
222
223 **How are their results being applied?**
224
225 //Indicate any current technical, commercial, industrial or other practical applications of research in this field.  To the extent possible list the leading firms, laboratories, and university centers whose scientific activities (commercial, fundamental, or both) depend upon advancements in your field.  When developing this list, be sure to look beyond the Commonwealth of Independent States, to include the other major scientific and industrial nations.//
226
227
228 The calculations based on extended Mincer’s equation, Duncan index of dissimilarity, the standard Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition were present in many development countries by different scientists. For example, the foreign researchers as: T. Riim, E. Kallaste (2004) in Estonia [15]; A. Galego, J. Pereira (2006) in Portugal [16]; M. Johansson, K. Katz (2006) in Sweden [17]; Y. Guo (2004) in Guatemala [18]; Le Grand C. (1991) in Sweden [19] and scientists from other countries - were applied the method of estimation the difference in wages offered by R. Oaxaca [5] and A. Blinder [6]. This method allows to separate explainable (i.e. caused by personal properties and characteristics of workplaces) differences in wages from unexplainable differences, which are treated as discrimination. But, all these calculations were executed on macroeconomic level as some examples without detailed analyzing of separate enterprises. 
229
230 In 2000 the analysis of working conditions and gender inequality was performed by ILO together with leaders and trade union organizations on the basis of the sociological method of interviewing employees in Russian Federation at three pilot plants [13]: Moscow Tire Plant, “Moscow Bearing” plant, “The Paris Commune” enterprise.
231
232 In 2007 the ILO published “A manual for gender audit facilitators: The ILO parti­cipatory gender audit methodology” [14].  The methodology of gender audits offered by the ILO is based on the principle of active parti­cipation and uses the sociological methods of analysis. This kind of audit is classified as qualitative. The qualitative analysis performed on the basis of active participation (usually some surveys or questionnaires to all employees or only for some of their categories) brings the risk of subjectivity and data twisting in responses (in one's mind the situation is better or worse than it actually is). In­deed, it is possible to perform a lot of different case studies, examining certain gender aspects of the labor market, but they all show the common picture. In addition, the evidence of gender segregation and pay discrimination are in the economic field, not in sociology. Therefore, it is unlikely to obtain the exhaustive explanation by extremely simple surveys and questionnaires based on the sociological reports.
233
234
235 **References**
236
237
238 1. Global Gender Gap Report 2014. The World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland, 2014//, //[[www3.weforum.org/docs/GGGR14/GGGR_Complete>>url:http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GGGR14/GGGR_Complete]]Report_2014.pdf
239 1. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 18.12.1979, http:~/~/www.un.org/Docs/asp/ws.asp?m=A/RES/34/180, Optional Protocol (6.10.1999), [[http:~~/~~/www.un.org/Docs/asp/ws.asp?m=A/RES/54/4>>url:http://www.un.org/Docs/asp/ws.asp?m=A/RES/54/4]]
240 1. MINCER J. Schooling, experience and earnings. New York: Columbia University Press for National Bureau of Economic Research, 1974.
241 1. BECKER G.S. Human capital, effort, and the sexual division of labour. Journal  of  Labour  Economics, 1985, v.3, p. 33-58.
242 1. OAXACA R. Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. International Economic Review, October 1973, vol. 14, No. 3, p. 693-709, [[http:~~/~~/www.irs.princeton.edu/pubs/ pdfs/23.pdf>>url:http://www.irs.princeton.edu/pubs/%20pdfs/23.pdf]]
243 1. BLINDER A. Wage discrimination: reduced form and structural estimates. The Journal of Human Resources, 1973, Fall, vol. 8. No. 4, p. 436-455.
244 1. BECKER G.S. The economics of discrimination. Second Edition, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London, 1971. 167 p.
245 1. PHELPS E. The statistical theory of racism and sexism. American Economic Review 62, September 1972, p. 659-661, [[http:~~/~~/www.jstor.org/pss/1806107>>url:http://www.jstor.org/pss/1806107]]
246 1. AIGNER D.J., CAIN G. Statistical theories of discrimination in labor markets. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 1977, vol. 30, No. 2, p. 175-187, [[http:~~/~~/www.jstor.org/stable/2522871>>url:http://www.jstor.org/stable/2522871]]
247 1. DOERINGER P., PIORE M. Internal labor markets and manpower analysis. Lexington, Mass.: Heath, 1971. 168 p.
248 1. ШИШКАН Н. Труд женщин в условиях развитого социализма. Под редакцией академика АН МССР Фролова Н.П.. Кишинев: Штиинца, 1976. 214 с.
249 1. Percepţia fenomenului de discriminare de gen pe piaţa muncii din Republica Moldova: Results of the pilot-study. Chisinau: CNSIPF, Bons Offices, 2006. 64 p.
250 1. Гендерное равенство на рабочем месте - опыт российских предприятий. Москва: МОТ, 2000. 66 с.
251 1. A manual for gender audit facilitators: The ILO participatory gender audit methodology. Geneva: ILO, 2007. 150 p., [[http:~~/~~/www.ilo.org/dyn/gender/ docs/RES/536/F932374742/web%20gender%20manual.pdf>>url:http://www.ilo.org/dyn/gender/%20docs/RES/536/F932374742/web%20gender%20manual.pdf]]
252 1. РЫЫМ Т., КАЛЛАСТЕ Э. Мужчины и женщины на рынке труда Эстонии: оценка различий в заработной плате. Анализ политики, PRAXIS, 2004, No. 8. 24 с., [[http:~~/~~/www.praxis.ee/ fileadmin/tarmo/Publikatsioonid/PA82004_rus.pdf>>url:http://www.praxis.ee/%20fileadmin/tarmo/Publikatsioonid/PA82004_rus.pdf]]
253 1. GALEGO A., PEREIRA J. Evidence on gender wage discrimination in Portugal: parametric and semi-parametric approaches. Universidade de Evora, Departamento de Economia, Documento de Trabalho, October 2006, No. 13, 20 p.
254 1. JOHANSSON M., KATZ K. Wage differences between women and men in Sweden – the impact of skill mismatch. IFAU Working paper 2007:13, October 17, 2006. 58 p., [[http:~~/~~/www.ifau.se/upload/pdf/se/2007/wp07-13.pdf>>url:http://www.ifau.se/upload/pdf/se/2007/wp07-13.pdf]]
255 1. GUO Y. Male-female wages differentials in Guatemala: 1989-1998. Advisor: Dr. GINDLING T. ECON 699 Paper, 23.04.2004. 15 p., [[http:~~/~~/www.umbc.edu/economics/ grad_699_abstracts/ y_guo_paper.pdf>>url:http://www.umbc.edu/economics/%20grad_699_abstracts/%20y_guo_paper.pdf]]
256 1. LE GRAND C. Explaining the male-female wage gap: Job segregation and solidarity wage bargaining in Sweden. Acta Sociologica, 1991, No. 34, p. 261–278.
257
258 // //
259
260
261 **2.3       Purpose and Objective**
262
263
264 == What are we are going to do? ==
265
266 //Explain how your project will help to solve this problem. Describe your proposed investigation. Provide, as appropriate, graphs, pictures or diagram to illustrate your explanation.  Please be sure your description  covers the main points of your project.//
267
268
269 **The purpose of the project** is to develop the innovative software for gender equality regulation on the labour market, which is using statistical and econometrical methods.
270
271 Innovative software for gender equality regulation on the labour market represent the //gender audit at an enterprise// is the independent inspection/checkup of the enterprise to ana­lyze, monitor, and identify gender problems of the staff, with subsequent elaboration of proposals to improve the company policy in the direction of gender equality. Innovative software is a tool for the enter­prise gender management at the microeconomic level.
272
273 The elaborated software** **should become the starting point on a microeconomic level of the company’s internal management. The role of the gender audit in the sphere of enterprises management consists not only in independent check of a current situation. The independent audit participates actively in the formation of internal aspects of company manage­ment, creates the recommendations on the questions of internal management, and assumes the con­trol mechanism over the promotion of the offered measures by repeated or cross-control audits. The similar experience from other directions exists: the financial audit became an integral part of an in­ternal control system of the large and medium companies; the audit of quality standards ISO 9000 affects in the same manner.
274
275 IT aspect of this project is also very important. With information technologies, scattered and separated data would be processed into reliable operative information for decision making. The supposed application of IT in the framework of this project, namely, regulation of gender equality on the labour market, is actual, and waits for development of the corresponding applicative software.
276
277 The engagement of IT professionals to the implementation of this project guarantees higher quality of the developed software. The proper organization of the software development cycle, friendly user interface, simple installation and exploitations of the developed software and other specific aspects are of key importance for success of the presented project. Only professionals in the area can take into account all concerned details and properly solve aroused problems.
278
279 Accordingly, the innovative software should become that practical mechanism on a microeconomic level, which will be closely build into the system of internal management of the companies and, besides checking of the current condition of gender equality, will allow to develop the most concrete, approaching to conditions of the given enterprise, recommendations on perfec­tion of regulation of gender equality, and carry out check of performance of these recommenda­tions. As such practical mechanism, the elaborated software will allow to overcome con­tradictions between the accepted laws at nation-wide level and their realization at the concrete en­terprises. It is necessary to note the feedback effect, when the elaborated software on the level of separate enterprises will render a positive effect at macroeconomic level. Besides it, indirect influ­ence on change of gender stereotypes in a society is possible also.
280
281
282
283 **What is the objective?**
284
285 //Succinctly state the primary objective of the project. //
286
287
288 **The main objective of our project** is to realize and implement on a labour market the special methods and instruments witch will contribute to gender equality, social cohesion and protection in the sphere of employment, which ultimately leads to increased well-being both individual and companies and the society as a whole.
289
290 {{{The specific objectives of the project are the following:}}}
291
292 * to elaborate integrated methodology of applying econometrical and statistical methods for analyzing data of enterprises in the gender aspect;
293 * to develop the innovative software for gender equality regulation on the labour market, which is using of this elaborated methodology;
294 * to develop form and presentation of innovative software obtained results;
295 * to develop Gender Analysis Summarized Index (GASI) of ranks and scores of results.
296
297 The results of this work may become an impulse to developing a new instrument in gender equality regulation on the labour markets of different countries and in the society as a hole.
298
299
300 == ==
301
302 **2.4              Expected Significance**
303
304
305 == What’s new? ==
306
307 //Describe and compare in what way your project work and results are new, unique, and/or different from similar research all over the world. If your research has any practical application, explain how it will contribute to developments in the appropriate commercial or technical sectors.  If your research is theoretical or fundamental, explain how it will further scientific understanding, and your team's ability to compete for funding. Support any claims with reference to preliminary or published results, if possible. //
308
309
310 The elaborated software, as the element of gender management of the enterprises, represents **one of the newest world tendencies in the field of gender regulation** **of a labour market**. Innovative software should include not only the analysis of the current condition of gender equality at the enterprise, but assumes also producing specific proposals on situation improvement in this sphere. Also, it is necessary to have mechanisms of the subsequent control over realization of these offers. In this case innovative software becomes "starting point" of all gender manage­ment on a microeconomic level of the separate enterprises and will bring real advantage both to men and women, and to employers.
311
312 **The scientific novelty and originality of the proposed investigation** seems to be the next step in the development of approaches to gender equality at the micro-economic level as an important component of the evolution of gender-based management. Using the developing software will be calculated in one program in very short time the following: the value of gender horizontal and vertical segregation on the enterprises, the human capital influence on the value of men and women wages, the degree of gender discrimination in payment, etc.
313
314 The methodology of gender audits offered by ILO is based on the principle of active parti­cipation and uses the sociological methods of analysis. This kind of audit is classified as qualitative. The qualitative analysis performed on the basis of active participation (usually some surveys or questionnaires to all employees or only for some of their categories) brings the risk of subjectivity and data twisting in responses (in one's mind the situation is better or worse than it actually is). In­deed, it is possible to perform a lot of different case studies, examining certain gender aspects of the labor market, but they all show the common picture. In addition, the evidence of gender segregation and pay discrimination are in the economic field, not in sociology. Therefore, it is unlikely to obtain the exhaustive explanation by extremely simple surveys and questionnaires based on the sociological reports.
315
316 These circumstances can motivate the need for innovative software by economic methods, requiring a more detailed analysis of the economic data of enterprises. Thus, not opposing to the standard meth­odology of qualitative audit proposed by the ILO with the use of sociological methods, we propose a new innovative software as quantitative gender inspection/checkup of enterprises, based on the analysis of economic indicators of the enterprise that uses the techniques of statistical and econometrical analysis.
317
318
319
320 **2.5              Organization, Qualification and Staffing**
321
322
323 == Who are we? ==
324
325 //Briefly describe the institutions and participants of your project, their qualification with references to previous significant results and what they will do in the project. Please highlight, in addition to technical qualifications, any market or social science research skills, or business training the participants may possess.  Please note any foreign language capabilities of team members.//
326
327
328 **Organizations:**
329
330
331 The **National Institute for Economic Research (NIER)** of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of Moldova is a public institution (think-tank) which deals with scientific economic research. The main beneficiaries are Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure, Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment, Ministry of Health, Labour and Social Protection, Academy of Sciences and others. The Institute collaborates with numerous Moldovan and foreign academic centers, with central and local administration bodies, as well as representatives of business and social stakeholders. Main activities are related to scientific researches in economy, finance, statistics, reforming of social sphere and integration of the Republic of Moldova in world economic circuit. NIER has the necessary experience and capacities for realization of projects and can be a reliable partner in the future. Former experience covers a wide variety of applied research on the evolution of economic and social processes in Moldova, insuring a stable economic growth and high living standards. The most important research directions are: Economic and financial models, mechanisms for sustainable growth; Business and investment environment; Agricultural policies and informational base for rural development in the context of food safety; Demographic and social development policies. NIER has been a participant of a number of national and international research projects financed by European Commission (INTAS, FP5, FP6, FP7), TACIS, UNESCO, UNDP, EUHLPAM, Visegrad Fund. One of the main research directions of the NIER is fundamental and applied researches in the domain of labour market, gender equality regulation, business environment, enterprises development. The proposed project represents continuation and new development of the research, carried out by NIER.
332
333
334 The **Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (IMCS)** of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of Moldova is the leading research institute in the domain of mathematics and computer science in the Republic of Moldova. IMCS was founded in 1964. The results achieved by its researchers and specialists won the recognition of scientific community, covering different fields of mathematics and computer science: algebra, logic, geometry, topology, differential equations, mathematical modeling and optimization, numerical methods, theory of probability, programming and artificial intelligence, models of computing, advanced information technologies. IMCS publishes two peer-reviewed international journals: "Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Republic of Moldova" and "Computer Science Journal of Moldova", distributed in approximately 160 scientific centers from 47 countries. IMCS has been a participant of a number of national and international research projects financed by European Commission (INTAS, FP5, FP6, FP7), CRDF/MRDA, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, NATO, UNESCO, UNDP, and STCU.
335
336
337 **Persons on the team:**
338
339
340 1. **Tatiana Colesnicova**, PhD in Economic Science, Associate Professor in Economic Science, Leading scientific researcher, Head of the Department “Social Researches and Standards of Living”, the team leader – NIER;
341 1. **Eugenia Lucasenco**,** **PhD student in Economic Science, scientific researcher – NIER;
342 1. **Mihail Ciobanu**, MSc degree in Demography and Population Economics, scientific researcher – NIER;
343 1. **Alexandru Colesnicov**, PhD in Computer Science, Associate Professor in Computer Science, Leading scientific researcher – IMCS;
344 1. **Elvira Naval**, PhD in Computer Sciences, Associate Professor in Computer Science, Leading scientific researcher – IMCS;
345 1. **Ludmila Malahov**, MSc degree in Computer Science, scientific researcher – IMCS.**  **
346
347
348 **//Tatiana Colesnicova.// **//Ph.D.// in Economic Science from NIER, 2011. Associate Professor in Economy and Management (in social sphere), 2013. From 2015 she is the Head of the NIER Department “Social Researches and Standards of Living”. She is a member of the NIER Methodical Commission, Profile Scientific Seminar. During 2011-2018 she has participated in 26 national and international Scientific Conferences and symposiums. She was reporter on the 7 roundtables. Her main research interests include different social economic problems, gender equality regulation on the labour marker, labour economics, econometric modeling. She has more than 100 publications in these areas. She is author of the monograph “Gender equality regulation in the sphere of employment in the Republic of Moldova” (in English), ed. by NIER, 2012. She participated at several international projects. Participant in creating quarterly edition NIER with the support of EUHLPAM, financed by the European Union and implemented by UNDP Moldova //"Moldovan Economic Trends"/"Tendinţe în Economia Moldovei"** **//(in Romanian and English) during the years 2011 – 2018 (No.1-28) - responsible of the chapter that evaluates the main trends of the Moldovan social sphere. Participant in elaboration Strategies for Moldovan regional socio-economic development: Călăraşi, Rezina, Ialoveni, Leova, Orhei, Straseni.
349
350
351 **//Eugenia Lucasenco//**//, Ph.D. student// of NIER in University of Academy of Sciences of Moldova (specialization – economy and management)//, MSc// degree in foreign affairs, scientific researcher within the NIER//.// She has over 15 publications and participations at national and international conferences.// //She has been involved in 2 national and 3 international projects and elaboration of socio-economic strategies for several districts from the Republic of Moldova. Participated in creating quarterly edition NIER with the support of EUHLPAM, financed by the European Union and implemented by UNDP Moldova //"Moldovan Economic Trends"/"Tendinţe în Economia Moldovei"** **//(in Romanian and English) during the years 2011 – 2015 (Nr.1-16) - responsible of the chapter that evaluates the main political, economic and social events from the Republic of Moldova. She has participated in several national projects (as a team member).
352
353
354 **//Mihail Ciobanu. //**//MSc// degree in Demography and Population Economics, ASEM, 2015. Licentiate degree in General Economics, ASEM, 2013. His main research interests are social economic problems, social inequality, labour economics, social policy, marginalized groups, econometric modeling. He published 10 scientific papers. He participated in national projects (as a team member).
355
356
357 **//Alexandru Colesnicov.//** //Ph.D. //in Computer Science from IMCS, 1996. Associate Professor in Computer Science, 2000. Leading scientific researcher of IMCS. He is a high-qualified specialist in computer networks, operating systems and programming systems. He has 93 publications in the area of theoretical computer science and natural computing. His main research interests are computer algebra, computer linguistics, natural language processing, and natural computing. He participated at several international projects. //Alexandru Colesnicov participated in projects in military area.//
358
359
360 **//Elvira Naval//. **//Ph.D.// in Computer Science from IMCS, 1990. Associate Professor in Computer Science, 1994. Leading scientific researcher of IMCS. Her main research interests are mathematical modeling of economic development in stochastic environment, mathematical statistics, discrete optimal control. She has more than 120 publications in these areas. Elvira is also a co-author of three books in domains of region development in the long perspective, econometrics and economic growth. She participated at several international projects (also as a team leader). //Elvira Naval participated in projects in military area.//
361
362
363 **//Ludmila Malahov.//** //MSc// degree in Computer Science from Chisinau State University, Department of Applied Mathematics, 1970. Scientific researcher in IMCS. She has a significant experience in computer science including computer graphics, formal languages, computer algebra, natural language processing, and natural computing with 99 papers published in international journals, books and conference proceedings. She has a long experience of participation in national and international projects (as a team member). //Ludmila Malahov participated in projects in military area.//
364
365
366 **How does this project relates to our other work?**
367
368 //Briefly describe other projects in which these people or organizations are involved.  Note who (your government, a foreign government, a private company or corporation, foundation, your institute or organization) funds this work.  Describe what stage of research or technological development you have already reached.  Provide references for any relevant published papers. Note any patents received or pending.  If the proposed research or activities will move your team closer to financial stability (commercial or grant-supported), please highlight this contribution.//
369
370
371 In our previous scientific research we investigated:
372
373 * //the theoretical and methodological aspects of gender equality regulation in the sphere of employment~:// existing conceptual approaches to solution of problems with gender inequality in the sphere of employment; the models of gender regulation and their implementation in social policy of the different countries; the situation with gender equality regulation in the sphere of employment in the Republic of Moldova; the methodological approaches for gender analysis implementation in the sphere of employment in the national economy; the terminological concepts are explained.
374 * //the gender dimension of employment in the Republic of Moldova~:// the evaluation of gender situation in the sphere of employment in the Republic of Moldova and existing gender based problems in it are specified. The following researches stages are outlined: the identification, measurement and analysis of horizontal and vertical segregation; the evaluation of human capital influence on men and women wages; the empirical analysis of the factors influencing on probability of men and women to be employed; the evaluation of discrimination in payment; the entrepreneurship analysis in gender aspect; the gender research of the main problems in the sphere of informal employment.
375 * //the main directions to perfect gender equality regulation in employment in the Republic of Moldova~://** **the uniform system of measures and proposals, constructed according to the major roles of the main subjects of the labour market (state, employers, trade unions, society) influencing on employed men and women is formulated. The instrument for development of measures for gender regulation as gender audit for enterprises which should become the key element in the gender management system on the microeconomic level is worked over and explained in details. Its purposes, tasks, the methodology are determined.
376
377 In our previous researches the gender analysis were proposed as a key element in the gender management system. That’s why current propose project is a logical continuation of this research.
378
379 The main results of our previous research were published in different international and national journals and conferences. Some of these are the following:
380
381 1. COLESNICOVA T., MALAHOV L., COLESNICOV A. Some applications of IT in gender studies. In: Economic growth in conditions of internationalization=Creşterea economică în condiţiile internaţionalizării: Conferinţa X ştiinţifico-practică internaţională din 15-16 octombrie 2015: (în 2 vol.). Ch.: INCE, 2015, vol. II, - 252 p. ISBN 978-9975-4185-2-2, p.201-204
382 1. COLESNICOVA T.** **Gender equality regulation in the sphere of employment in the Republic of Moldova. Monograph. Ch.: Complex Ed. al IEFS. 2012, CZU 316.346.2(478), C62, ISBN 978-9975-4326-5-8, - 175 p.
383 1. COLESNICOVA T.  Gender horizontal inequality on the labour market of Moldova. In: Revista economică, Chişinău–Sibiu, 2009, No. 2(45), p. 162–168.
384 1. COLESNICOVA T. Approaches to estimation of the value for working women’s labor at the household in Moldova. In: Revista economică, Chişinău–Sibiu, 2008, No. 5-6, vol. II, p. 136-145.
385 1. COLESNICOVA T.** **Characteristics of women’s entrepreneurship in the Republic of Moldova. In: Preocupări contemporane ale ştiinţelor socio-umane: Conferinţa ştiinţifică internaţională din 16 decembrie 2010. Chişinău: ULIM, 2011, (in edition).
386 1. COLESNICOVA T. Empirical analysis of social-economic factors which influence the probability to be employed for gender groups in the Republic of Moldova. In: Culegere după materialele Conferinţei ştiinţifică naţională cu participare internaţională (Ediţia a XXV-a) „Progrese în teoria deciziilor economice în condiţii de risc şi încertitudine”, România, Institutul de Cercetări Economice şi Sociale „Gh. Zane”, Academia Română – Filiala Iaşi, 17.09.2010, vol. XI, p.117–126.
387 1. COLESNICOVA T. Informal economy of Moldova in gender aspect. In: Economie şi sociologie, Chişinău: IEFS, 2010, No.2, p.242–253.
388 1. COLESNICOVA T. Evaluation of the human capital influence on men and women salaries in the Republic of Moldova. In: Economie şi sociologie, Chişinău: IEFS, 2011, No.1, p.204–213.
389 1. COLESNICOVA T. The measurement and analysis of the gender segregation in Moldova. In: Work Papers of the Firth Edition of International Scientific Conference from 21-22 October 2010 „Economic growth in conditions of internationalization”, Chişinău: IEFS. p.155–161.
390 1. TURCAN A., COLESNICOVA T. Gender peculiarities of entrepreneurship in the Republic of Moldova. În: Cross-Cultural Management Journal. Romania: Iași. Romanian Foundation for Business Intelligence (FRIA – Fundația Română pentru Inteligența Afacerii), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași Publising. CMJ 29, Volume XV, Issue 3 (29) / 2013, ISSN-L: 2286-0452, p.369-375, 0,42 c.a. [Access 28.10.2013] [[http:~~/~~/www.cmj.bxb.ro/Article/CMJ_29_43.pdf>>url:http://www.cmj.bxb.ro/Article/CMJ_29_43.pdf]]
391 or [[http:~~/~~/cmj.bxb.ro/2013-29-cmj-volume-xv-issue-3-special-issue-collaborative-structures-vs-competition-between-organizations-multydisciplinary-dimensions/>>url:http://cmj.bxb.ro/2013-29-cmj-volume-xv-issue-3-special-issue-collaborative-structures-vs-competition-between-organizations-multydisciplinary-dimensions/]]
392 1. ПЕРЧИНСКАЯ Н.П., КОЛЕСНИКОВА T.В.** **Инновационный подход к гендерному регулированию на микро-экономическом уровне в Республике Молдова. In: Инновации: научно-практический ежемесячный журнал. Санкт-Петербург: Россия, ОАО «Трансфер», 2012, март, nr.03(161), -120 с. ISSN 2071-3010, стр.61-67
393 1. КОЛЕСНИКОВА T. Гендерные особенности предпринимательства в Республике Молдова. In: Simpozionul VII internaţional al tinerilor cercetători din 10-11 aprilie 2009. Chişinău: ASEM, 2009, vol. I, p. 61-63.
394 1. КОЛЕСНИКОВА Т. Гендерное вертикальное неравенство на рынке труда Молдовы. In: Economie şi sociologie, Chişinău: IEFS, 2009, No.2, p. 151–159.
395 1. КОЛЕСНИКОВА T. Опыт регулирования гендерного равенства в сфере занятости в Республике Молдова. În: Analele Institutului de Economie, Finanţe şi Statistică. Ch.: IEFS, 2011, -184 p. ISSN 1857-3630, ISBN 978-9975-4176-4-8, p.176-179
396 1. КОЛЕСНИКОВА T., ЯЦИШИН Т. Анализ моделей социальных политик различных стран с позиции гендерного регулирования. În: Conferinţa ştiinţifică de totalizare a activităţii de cercetare a cadrelor didactice din 12-13 mai 2011, Univ. de Stat "Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu" din Cahul; Tipogr. "Centrografic" SRL, vol. II, 2011, -155 p. ISBN 978-9975-914-58-1, p.133-144
397 1. COLESNICOVA T. Analiza problemelor de gen în IMM-urile Moldovei. In: Analele ale Institutului Umanistic Contemporan. Chişinău: Institutului Umanistic Contemporan, 2010, вып. 6-7, ISSN 1857-1271, p.187-191.
398 1. COLESNICOVA T., SAVCENCO S. Analiza de gen a cadrelor științifice din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare a Moldovei. In: Economic growth in conditions of internationalization=Creşterea economică în condiţiile internaţionalizării: Conferinţa VIII ştiinţifico-practică internaţională din 17-18 octombrie 2013. Ch.: INCE, 2013, vol. II, -384 p. ISBN 978-9975-4185-2-2, p.247-251
399 1. COLESNICOVA T. Tendințe în sfera ocupării forței de muncă a Republicii Moldova prin prisma egalității de gen. In: Culegere după materialele Conferinţei științifice naționale din 01 noiembrie 2013 „Probleme actuale a sectorului social și căile de soluționare a acestora în Republica Moldova” organizată de Asociația Oamenilor de Știință din Moldova „N. Milescu Spătaru” AȘM. Ch.: INCE, 2014, - 80 p., ISBN 978-9975-4185-8-4, p.45-61.
400
401
402 The results of the project will be a good base to continue our work with cooperation with our European partners in the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020, which will move our team closer to financial stability.
403
404
405
406 **2.6 Expected results**
407
408
409 **What will be done in the framework of this project?**
410
411 //Indicate and describe scientific, technical, commercial, or other results that will be achieved in the framework of this project. Be specific.//
412
413
414 We are going to develop:
415
416 * Integrated methodology of applying econometrical and statistical methods for analyzing data of enterprises in gender aspect;
417 * New innovative software for quantitative gender analysis of enterprises, which is using of this elaborated methodology;
418 * Elaborated innovative software to be presented as a web-site portal;
419 * Form and presentation of new software obtained results;
420 * Gender Analysis Summarized Index (GASI) of ranks and scores of results.
421 * Marketing information on the possible implementation of the project results which will contribute to finding further funding possibilities.
422
423 By this time, throughout the developed world, the evolution and penetration of the information technology in business is quite high. Almost all medium and large companies, as well as many smaller ones use automated accounting systems or integrated enterprise management systems. Thus the company in any way accumulates information and statistics that can be used as in­put data in the application of statistical and econometric techniques for elaborated software. For example, in Moldova, most companies use automated accounting and personnel records through the informa­tion platform UNA.MD/Universal Accounting, or 1C. At the same time the Moldovan legislation obliges companies to keep records of workers by sex, including computerized ones. These allow viewing this software in the Republic of Moldova as a reliable source of data to quantitative economic gender audit. Accordingly, the need of making complex sociological ques­tionnaires is reduced, because a lot of the necessary data is already available in the informational systems.
424
425 Using the exact data got from the new software cardinally increases the objectivity of the estimations and audit.
426
427 Suggesting method of audit, from the algorithmic and methodological points of view, is rather complicated and apply many different methods, econometric and statistical calculations, providing interaction with information systems, using a large amount and variety of indicators. But the speed of such audit, with pre-established methodology and the availability of specialized computer program, could be greatly enhanced. Gender audit can be implemented very quickly. Since the total time spent on audits is reduced, financial costs to the organization and conduct for gender audits can be significantly reduced, which is especially important. The most effective technique is the combination of the proposed new software as method of quantitative gender audit based on statistical and econometric methods, and standard method of quality audit proposed by the ILO.
428
429 The Gender Analysis Summarized Index (GASI) – the index of ranks and scores of results is calculated. This index is compile the values of all received results and is very comfortable for quick comparable of results per enterprises, received the ranks and scores and so on.
430
431
432 **What’s next?**
433
434 //Indicate the possible industrial or commercial applications of the project results.  Note any expected patent applications.  Describe  economic and other benefits you may obtain during the project implementation; state these expected benefits in quantitative terms. If possible list firms and companies you know to be interested in implementation of your results.  If your project has limited commercial applicability, describe how you intend to use these results to attract funding for further research.  Briefly relate what direction that research would take.//
435
436
437 The elaboration of the innovative software quantitative gender analysis of enterprises can be used by NGO’s, national and international institutes, companies of all types and sizes, etc. The results obtained by this software will contribute to gender equality, social cohesion and protection on the labor market, which ultimately leads to increased well-being, both individual and companies, and the society as a whole. Thus,// //the results of this project may be considered as a starting point in developing of a new direction in gender equality regulation.
438
439 The results of our research will be published in major international journals and conferences and may be useful for many teams interested in solving the problems with gender equality including in labour market. We plan to continue our work with our European, U.S.A. and Canadian partners in the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020, and under the bilateral projects.
440
441
442
443 **2.7     Scope of activities**
444
445
446 **How will the investigation be organized?**
447
448 //Describe the major phases or stages of your proposed activities under the project.  For each stage, describe the specific activities included, and any intermediate results and milestones that are expected.  Specify who or which work groups will be doing the work.  Note the time-sequence of the stages.  When work is to be done in parallel, or will be done at multiple sites, specify which part of the work is to be performed by each participating institution.  Use organization charts, diagrams of work structure, and/or work schedules to illustrate the division of activities into stages and their allocation to different work groups.  Relate the overall scope of activities to the stages and sub-stages itemized further in the Work Schedule page of the STCU Project Software.//
449
450
451 The work will be split on 8 main stages. They are:
452
453 Stage 1. Analysis of existing methods and tools. Q1
454
455 Stage 2. Marketing. Q1-Q7
456
457 Stage 3. Elaboration of the methodology for the innovative software. Q2-Q3
458
459 Stage 4. The technical outline of the innovative software. Q3
460
461 Stage 5. Elaboration of software. Q4-Q5
462
463 Stage 6. Debugging, testing and integration of elaborated software. Q6
464
465 Stage 7. Pilot implementation of elaborated software and applying fixes based on results. Q7
466
467 Stage 8. Final project report. Q7-Q8
468
469
470 **//Time-sequence of the stages and substages~://**
471
472 |**Stages**|**Substages**|**Inst.**|**Scientists**|**Q1**|**Q2**|**Q3**|**Q4**|**Q5**|**Q6**|**Q7**|**Q8**
473 |(% rowspan="2" %)(((
474 Stage 1. Analysis of existing methods and tools.
475
476
477 )))|Substage 1.1 Studying of existing statistical and econometrical methods and algorithms applying for gender analysis.|NIER & IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, E.Lucasenco, M.Ciobanu, A.Colesnicov, E.Naval, L.Malahov)|X| | | | | | |
478 |Substage 1.2 Studying of international experience in the domain of gender-related research on the microeconomic level.|NIER & IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, E.Lucasenco, M.Ciobanu, A.Colesnicov, E.Naval, L.Malahov)|X| | | | | | |
479 |(% rowspan="4" %)(((
480 Stage 2. Marketing.
481
482
483
484 )))|Substage 2.1. Collection information about organizations interested in gender problems.|NIER| (E.Naval, M.Ciobanu)| |X|X|X| | | |
485 |Substage 2.2. Collection information about potential users.|NIER| (E.Naval, M.Ciobanu)| |X|X|X| | | |
486 |Substage 2.3. Analysis of the potential market for results of the project.|NIER & IMCS| (E.Naval, M.Ciobanu)| | | | |X|X| |
487 |Substage 2.4. Information system promotion for potential users.|NIER & IMCS| (E.Naval, M.Ciobanu)| | | | |X|X| |
488 |(% rowspan="5" %)Stage 3. Elaboration of the methodology for the innovative software.|Substage 3.1. Describe of using methods in gender audit (formulas, instruments, etc.).|NIER|(T.Colesnicova, E.Lucasenco)| |X|X|X|X| | |
489 |Substage 3.2. Composing the list of INPUT parameters and indicators (required mandatory, non-mandatory).|NIER|(T.Colesnicova, E.Lucasenco)| |X|X|X|X| | |
490 |Substage 3.3. Description of INPUT data verification process and algorithms.|NIER|(T.Colesnicova, E.Lucasenco)| |X|X|X|X| | |
491 |Substage 3.4. Extended outline of software of OUTPUT results.|NIER|(T.Colesnicova, E.Lucasenco)| |X|X|X|X| | |
492 |Substage 3.5. Elaboration of methodology for innovative software gender analysis summarized index (GASI).|NIER & IMCS|(((
493 (T.Colesnicova, E.Lucasenco, M.Ciobanu,
494
495 E.Naval)
496 )))| | |X|X|X| | |
497 |(% rowspan="4" %)(((
498 Stage 4. The technical outline of the innovative software.
499
500
501 )))|Substage 4.1 Determination of the implementation platform and the basic principles.|IMCS|(A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| |X|X| | | | |
502 |Substage 4.2 Designing of the interface organization principles.|IMCS|(A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| |X|X| | | | |
503 |Substage 4.3 Database structure definition.|IMCS|(A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| |X|X| | | | |
504 |Substage 4.4 Designing the functional of software per modules.|IMCS|(A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| |X|X| | | | |
505 |(% rowspan="6" %)(((
506 Stage 5. Elaboration of software.
507
508
509
510
511
512 )))|Substage 5.1 The basic functionality of software (portal website creation, interface, etc.).|IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| | | |X| | | |
513 |Substage 5.2 Database creation (structure, table, etc.).|IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| | | |X| | | |
514 |Substage 5.3 Functional of data import module.|IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| | | |X|X| | |
515 |Substage 5.4 Functional of data verification module.|IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| | | |X|X| | |
516 |Substage 5.5 Functional of data processing module.|IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| | | |X|X| | |
517 |Substage 5.6 Functional of results representation module.|IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| | | |X|X| | |
518 |(% rowspan="4" %)(((
519 Stage 6. Debugging, testing and integration of elaborated software.
520
521
522
523
524 )))|Substage 6.1 Debugging of discrete modules of software.|IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| | | | | |X| |
525 |Substage 6.2 Modules integration.|IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| | | | | |X| |
526 |Substage 6.3 Testing modularly and overall with tests result re port.|NIER & IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, E.Lucasenco, M.Ciobanu, A.Colesnicov, E.Naval, L.Malahov)| | | | | |X| |
527 |Substage 6.4 Corrections conform tests result report.|IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| | | | | |X| |
528 |(% rowspan="4" %)(((
529 Stage 7. Pilot implementation of elaborated software and applying fixes based on results.
530
531
532
533
534 )))|Substage 7.1 Identification of enterprises which will participate in pilot implementation.|NIER & IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, E.Lucasenco, M.Ciobanu, A.Colesnicov, E.Naval, L.Malahov)| | | | | | |X|
535 |Substage 7.2 Fulfilment the gender analysis on selected enterprise using the elaborated software.|NIER & IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, E.Lucasenco, M.Ciobanu, A.Colesnicov, E.Naval, L.Malahov)| | | | | | |X|
536 |Substage 7.3 Prepare the report about the pilot implementation with a list of existing errors and potential fixes.|NIER & IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, E.Lucasenco, M.Ciobanu, A.Colesnicov, E.Naval, L.Malahov)| | | | | | |X|
537 |Substage 7.4 Modifications and fixes of elaborated software according to the report.|NIER & IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, A.Colesnicov, L.Malahov)| | | | | | |X|
538 |Stage 8. Final project report.|Substage 8.1. Preparing the report according to the requirements. The short presentation of our theoretical results and software using PowerPoint slides will be created.|NIER & IMCS|(T.Colesnicova, E.Lucasenco, M.Ciobanu, A.Colesnicov, E.Naval, L.Malahov)| | | | | | | |X
539
540
541
542
543 **2.8     Technical Methodology**
544
545
546 **How will the science be done?**
547
548 //Describe the scientific and technical approach, methods and methodologies  to be in each phase of the project   Underline any novelty or uniqueness of the methodological approach for solving the problem.  Describe how any preliminary work performed validates the proposed approach.//
549
550
551 **Stage 1**. Analysis of existing methods and tools. Q1
552
553
554 Substage 1.1 Studying of existing statistical and econometrical methods and algorithms applying for gender analysis.
555
556 Substage 1.2 Studying of international experience in the domain of gender-related research on the microeconomic level.
557
558
559 **Stage 2**. Marketing. Q1-Q7
560
561
562 Substage 2.1. Collection the information about organizations interested in gender problems.
563
564 Substage 2.2. Collection the information about potential users.
565
566 Substage 2.3. Analysis of the potential market for results of the project.
567
568 Substage 2.4. New software promotion for potential users.
569
570
571 **Stage 3**. Elaboration of the methodology for the innovative software. Q2-Q3
572
573
574 Substage 3.1. Description of using methods in software (formulas, instruments, etc.).
575
576
577 On this substage we will outline the different instruments (methods and indexes) which will be introduce in innovative software for gender audit of enterprises. Three main methods of this information system will be the following:
578
579 * The method //for estimation of horizontal and vertical gender segregation on the enterprises// will be the Duncan index of dissimilarity (ID). Usually, the gender segregation indexes (include and Duncan index of dissimilarity) applied on the macroeconomic level, but in our case we will apply this instrument on the micro-economic level. ID is the most common standard method used to assess the extent of segregation by the type of professions and posts. Typically, ID is calculated as half from the amount of differences (with positive sign) between the proportion of men and women of certain professions or engaged in a particular type of posts. Generally, the formula of calculating the Duncan index of dissimilarity can be presented as (Formula 1):
580
581
582
583 [[image:file:///C:\Users\INT04~~1.INT\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif]] (1)
584
585
586 where,//  F;// //M// – total number of employed on the enterprises, respectively of women and men;
587
588 [[image:file:///C:\Users\INT04~~1.INT\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif]];[[image:file:///C:\Users\INT04~~1.INT\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.gif]] – the number of women and respectively, men in the //i//-th profession or post;
589
590 // //[[image:file:///C:\Users\INT04~~1.INT\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.gif]] , where //n //is equal to the number of professions or posts on enterprises;
591
592 [[image:file:///C:\Users\INT04~~1.INT\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.gif]]//, //where, 0% is absence of segregation on the enterprise, and 100% reflects absolutely segregated employment structure.
593
594 The most popular interpretation of the ID is the idea that it reflects the proportion of employed men (women) who would have to change the post or profession, in supposition that members of the opposite gender remain at their places, to ensure equal distribution of men and women between posts and professions.
595
596 * The multifactorial econometric analysis, i.e., multiple linear regression by the type of extended Mincerian earnings equation for gender groups will be used for the estimation of the //influence of the human capital and other socio-economic factors on payment of men and women on enterprises.//
597
598 The Mincerian earnings equation is traditionally used for the estimation of human capital influence on wages. Generally, the extended Mincer’s equation can be presented as (Formula 2):
599
600
601 [[image:file:///C:\Users\INT04~~1.INT\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image012.gif]] (2)
602
603
604 where,  //Ln W// is the endogenous variable, which show natural logarithm of wages of the worker; //b,,i,,// are parameters of regression, which show the average influence of individual fluctuation by exogenous variable x,,i,, on the logarithm of wages, //i// =1, …, //n//; //x,,i,,// are the exogenous variables influencing fluctuation of wages, //i //=1, …, //n//; //ε //is casual or stochastic component.
605
606 * The econometric method of Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition will be used for the //estimation of gender discrimination in earnings on enterprises and determination of its dimension.// This method is a direct continuation of the previous method because it uses the results received from the previous method.
607
608 The standard Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition consists of several procedures. In the beginning, in the case of the econometric models the linear multifactorial regress is estimated by a type of extended Mincerian earnings equation for gender groups with the calculation of equation’s factors by the method of the least squares. Also, the average values of factors, which enter into the Mincer’s equation, participate in calculations. After that, the distinctions in wages of men and women are divided on two parts: the explained difference, explainable from the point of view of observable factors, and the unexplained part of the difference. Following the foreign researchers, the estimation of difference in wages can be made by the various methods. Consider as expedient to use the following method (Formula 3):
609
610
611 [[image:file:///C:\Users\INT04~~1.INT\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image014.gif]] (3)
612
613
614 where, [[image:file:///C:\Users\INT04~~1.INT\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image016.gif]] are the average values of monthly wages accordingly for men and women;
615
616 [[image:file:///C:\Users\INT04~~1.INT\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image018.gif]] are the regression’s coefficients of explained factors, which are calculated in the extended Mincerian earnings equation for the enterprise accordingly for men and women;
617
618 [[image:file:///C:\Users\INT04~~1.INT\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image020.gif]]are the average values of personal characteristics of workers and workplaces accordingly for men and women.
619
620 The right part of the equation consists of two components: the first component represents a difference in the payment, explained by the various factors, and the second component defines the part of the difference, which cannot be explained by these factors. This method shows the unexplained difference if workers would have the average indicators equal those at women.
621
622
623 Substage 3.2. Composing the list of INPUT parameters and indicators (required mandatory, non-mandatory).
624
625 Substage 3.3. Description of INPUT data verification process and algorithms.
626
627 Substage 3.4. Extended outline of software of OUTPUT results.
628
629 Substage 3.5. Elaboration of methodology for Gender Analysis Summarized Index (GASI).
630
631
632 **Stage 4**. The technical outline of the innovative software. Q3
633
634
635 Substage 4.1 Determination of the implementation platform and the basic principles.
636
637 Substage 4.2 Designing of the interface organization principles.
638
639 Substage 4.3 Database structure definition.
640
641 Substage 4.4 Designing the functional of software per modules.
642
643
644 On this stage we will compose the technical extended outline for the innovative software. The structure of extended outline will include the following information:
645
646
647 __The main purpose of the elaborated software__: Innovative software for gender analysis is a tool of measuring the indicators which are characterizing the gender inequality in the labor market at the microeconomic level (in the context of separate enterprises).
648
649
650 __Users and system usage scenarios:__
651
652 * Enterprises, companies interested in realization the gender analysis at the own enterprise. In this case, the company by himself carries out a gender audit using the elaborated software and further optionally can be ordered in the portal services of auditors-specialists who will make the recommendations for the company based on the results of software and may conduct additional studies (questionnaires, interviews, etc.).
653 * International, national, non-governmental organizations realizing a gender analysis on enterprises. In this case, the representative of such organization (auditor) uses the software as a way of obtaining the necessary indicators, which it operates in the future in the framework of its work for the analysis and preparing the recommendations for the investigated companies.
654
655
656 //Note: It is also possible other variant, in which international, governmental or non-governmental organizations order online realization the gender analysis for the concrete set of enterprises (including the preparation of recommendations), for example, within the grant framework or state program.//
657
658
659 __System’s data: __The data manipulated by the software in the process of gender analysis of a company’s information for a selected period of time (for example a year) about the employees, received from the accounting systems with the obligatory indication of gender (sex), such as: wages, experience, age, post, education, marital status, number of children and so on.
660
661
662 //Note: The information about employees is anonymous (without name, surname) to protect the personal data of the employee in accordance with legal requirements.//
663
664 //Note: The data stored in the system database, the structure of the database should be universal, allowing in the future adding the new categories of indicators.//
665
666
667 __System’s architecture:__
668
669 * The software will be used as the basis for the site one of the CMS (Content Management System), for example: Joomla, XWiki, etc.
670 * The data to be processed will stored in the same database that is used to operate the site, but in a separate database (most likely MySQL). Although possible the variant, if it is supported by CMS, storage together in a single database.
671 * Software procedures for calculating the resulting indicators and possible data verification, separately, will be connected .dll or library, written in one of the high-level programming languages ​​(C ++, Pascal, Java)
672 * The rest of the functionality and interface of the software will be created using the tools provided and available by the selected CMS.
673
674
675 **Stage 5**. Elaboration of software. Q4-Q5
676
677 On this stage we will elaborate the innovative software. The elaboration of software will include the following substages:
678
679
680 Substage 5.1 Basic functionality of the software (portal website creation, interface, etc.).
681
682
683 //The system’s functional~://
684
685
686 __The external interface and basic functions:__ information system is a web-portal (site). This should be ensured:
687
688 • Home (starting) page
689 • Possibility to register the company / user
690 • Possibility of payment on the site
691
692
693 __The descriptive information module:__
694
695 • Indicate (possibly at registration) the general information about the company - name, country, type of activity, number of employees, estimated annual turnover and other information.
696
697 • Indicate (before the audit process) information about the audit - date of audit, responsible, type of audit (Option 1 - only the result of the calculation with explanatory comments, Option 2 - make recommendations and conduct further research on the basis of the results of calculations), comments, etc.
698
699
700 //Note: The costs of portal’s services depend from the type of audit.//
701
702
703 Substage 5.2 Database creation (structure, table, etc.).
704
705 Substage 5.3 Functional of data import module.
706
707
708 __Data import module:__
709
710 • XML-specification data
711 • Import data procedure from xml into the database system
712 • Templates transformation from external sources in xml: Excel, Csv, etc.
713
714
715 //Note: Such of work-process organization provides the universal character of the import module, allowing to add the templates of conversion from any external sources and systems (1C, SAP, etc.)//
716
717
718 Substage 5.4 Functional of data verification module.
719
720
721 __Data verification module:__
722
723 • Data verification directly on the stage of import xml into the database - some of verifications must be execute even at this stage, checking the conformity of fields, data types, etc.
724
725 • Data verification with the possibility of data modification - after the import, will start the separate procedure for logical data checking, which verifies: filling all the mandatory indicators, the logical correctness of the filling, etc. The user can modify (or removing) some of invalid entries. Also, it’s possible to repeat of import (when, instead of modification in the system, the user has decided to modify the initial date and to do data import again).
726
727 • Verification as a part of the basic data processing in the calculations - realizing to prevent cases of unreliability of certain indicators of econometric model.
728
729
730 Substage 5.5 Functional of data processing module.
731
732
733 __The main module of data processing: __It consists from the common functions and so-called sub-modules, each of which is a software implementation of the formulas corresponding econometric model used in the calculation (for example, the sub-module "Duncan index", sub-module "Mincer equation", sub-module "Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition", etc.).
734
735
736 //Note: such a discrete work-process (where instead of a single program data processing used submodules) will allow in the future without major changes of the system to add new methods (new econometric models).//
737
738
739 Substage 5.6 Functional of results representation module.
740
741
742 __The visualization results module:__
743
744 * After data processing, the results of gender analysis presented to the user in the form of a report with a set of indicators (figures) with explanations. For example, if the result (0.35) of some index in the range of 0 to 1, it indicates the presence of gender inequality by this index but in low degree.
745 * Also, the Gender Analysis Summarized Index (GASI) is calculated which takes into account the values ​​of all the results. Such index will be useful for quickly comparing the results of the enterprises, ranking, etc.
746 * If the system’s user wants to order an additional services, for him must be offered (with the possibility of payment on site) use the services of gender experts-auditors, who on the basis of the results (possibly with additional research) make recommendations with a description of the specific actions for the company to improve such indicators.
747 * In accordance with this, the module must be capable to do the appendix to the report with the calculated indicators of additional information provided in the form of files containing the recommendations, the results of surveys, interviews, etc.
748 * The visualization results module should also allow comparing the results of the enterprise in case when the enterprise realized the several audits, which will present the gender equality on the enterprises in dynamics.// //
749
750
751 **Stage 6**. Debugging, testing and integration of elaborated software. Q6
752
753
754 Substage 6.1 Debugging of discrete modules of software.
755
756 Substage 6.2 Modules integration.
757
758 Substage 6.3 Testing modularly and overall with tests result report.
759
760 Substage 6.4 Corrections conform tests result report.
761
762
763 **Stage 7**. Pilot implementation of elaborated software and applying fixes based on results. Q7
764
765
766 Substage 7.1 Identification of enterprises which will participate in pilot implementation.
767
768 Substage 7.2 Fulfilment the gender analysis of selected enterprise using the elaborated software.
769
770 Substage 7.3 Prepare the report about the pilot implementation with a list of existing errors and potential fixes.
771
772 Substage 7.4 Modifications and fixes of elaborated software according to the report.
773
774
775 **Stage 8**. Final project report. Q7-Q8
776
777
778 Substage 8.1. Preparing the report according to the requirements. The final project report will be created. We will create a short presentation of our theoretical results and software using PowerPoint slides.
779
780
781 **2.9     Sustainability Planning**
782
783 //This section is a new requirement.  Here, your team should present specific market research objectives to be addressed during the lifetime of your project.  Please describe your proposed market-related activities with the same rigor that you describe your scientific activities in the sections above.  Specific stages and milestones should be included in your Work Schedule page. Personnel who will be engaged in market research should be identified along with other project team members on the Scientists page.  All expenses related to your sustainability planning should be listed in the Budget page.//
784
785
786 **Which “Market will we study?**
787
788 //Briefly describe your vision of how your scientific team could ensure its ability to continue its scientific or technical activities after the conclusion of the project.  Describe the specific “market” of interest.  As well, please highlight information that you do not yet know, that you will need to gather in order to achieve this vision.//
789
790
791 The potential users of our results are the international and national organizations interested in research of gender equality problems. On the national level the potential users may be the governmental and non-governmental organizations and private enterprises. Our investigations, as well the investigations in gender equality regulation which are carried out in Europe, U.S.A. and Canada may bring revolutionary changes in solving many gender problems on the labour market. We will continue our investigation in the scope of extend of analyzing methods with close cooperation with the teams from: Romania (National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, University “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” from Iasi), Hungary (Institute for Foreign Affairs and Trade and Szent Istvan University - Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences) and others.
792
793 In order to find funding possibilities we will cooperate with the teams mentioned above and apply for a grant at the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020. We will also use possibilities of bilateral cooperation, including local funding competitions (Moldova).
794
795
796
797 **What is our specific market research objective?**
798
799 //Given your vision and the information gaps described above, formulate one or two specific market research objectives that you can address during the lifetime of your project: //
800
801 1. //You may wish to pose a hypothesis about the market, e.g. “we believe that companies of X type would be interested in producing our crystal to sell to their customers.” Your research objective would then be to gather sufficient information to test that hypothesis.//
802 1. //Or, you may wish to ask a general question, e.g. “who funds research in area Z?”  In this case, you should establish clear boundaries to reflect what you believe to be achievable, e.g. “we will research organizations of types X and Y, in countries A, B, and C, that fund research in area Z, and identify their current priorities and application procedures.”  In this case, your research objective would be to understand whether your scientific direction matches the funding priorities of any of the targeted organizations and whether your team is qualified to apply for grants.//
803 1. //Or, you may set a very specific objective, e.g. developing a business plan with one particular type of partner.//
804
805 //Regardless of the form, please be as precise as possible in formulating your questions, hypothesis, or objective(s).  Do NOT write simply «contact potential partners» or «conduct Internet search».//
806
807
808 The results obtained from the elaborated software will make possible to enlarge the market of the potential users, including different international and national organizations from gender domain. During the project implementation our team intends:
809
810 * to gather sufficient information about organizations interested in efficient solutions to practical problems of high computational complexity, which can be successfully solvable using informational system of gender audit of enterprises;
811 * to collect sufficient information about the potential users of the software complex, developed  in the framework of the project, who need interfaces to model, simulate and process results of investigations;
812 * to advertise the software complex and its advantages at scientific conferences, workshops and exhibitions, and at the project website as well.
813
814 We have included a professional manager with experience in IT product promotion and software development in our team. His experience will be used in all business and marketing aspects of our project.
815
816
817
818 **What are we going to do?**
819
820 //Explain what concrete steps your team will take to achieve the market research objective(s) described above.  We require that your team set milestones that will mark your progress towards achieving your objective(s).  Please specify when during project implementation these discrete steps will occur. The more specific your proposal, the better.  //
821
822
823 First of all we are going to elaborate the software complex integrate in the web-portal, for the problems in the domain of gender equality regulation on the labour market included in this project. Furthermore, we intend to implement the elaborated program on some enterprises of different size and kind of activity. We are also going to present our results at different meetings, symposiums and conferences, visit laboratories and scientific centers, establish a close cooperation between our team and other teams in Europe, U.S.A. and Canada.
824
825
826
827 **What will result?**
828
829 //Describe what form the final results will take.  Identify the next steps if your assumptions are proved correct, and suggest possible paths if they are proved incorrect.//
830
831
832 //In addition to any marketing of your project-specific results,// //you should plan and budget to provide three additional pieces of marketing information.  You will be required to prepare a short text, PowerPoint slide and Webpage that describe the capabilities of your scientific team.  These will be used by STCU and funding parties to reach additional markets.  Further information about the specific form of these three 'deliverables' will be provided on the STCU website. //
833
834
835 The final results of marketing researches will take the form of the report, containing:
836
837 * Marketing information about gender analysis of enterprises and elaborated innovative software, placed on the project website;
838 * List of organizations (with contact information) interested in the results on gender problems on the labour market;
839 * List of funds and programs with references to the information “How to apply for a grant”.
840
841
842
843
844 **3. Work schedule**
845
846 Definite stages of the project implementation are represented in matrix diagram in Table 1.
847
848 Table 2 graphically displays timing and duration of the stages involved, as well as interdependence of the stages.
849
850
851 **4. Personnel commitments**
852
853 Table 3 displays personnel commitments for the project implementation.
854
855
856 **5. Goods, Services, and Other Direct Costs**
857
858 Tables 4 , 5, and 6 display the equipment, materials, services, and other direct costs to be purchased for the project.
859
860
861 **6. Travels **
862
863 Table 7 displays the costs necessary for travel outside and within country of residence.
864
865
866 **7. Financial summary**
867
868 Tables 8 and 9 display aggregate financial information and define the first advanced payment.
869
870
871 **8. List of personnel**
872
873 Table 10 contains detailed information about each individual person involved.
874
875
876 **9 Allocation of the project budget among participating institutions **//__(for more than one participating institution  only)__//
877
878 Supplementary tables S8 and S9 display estimated expenditures by each participating institution  separately.