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14	14
15	15	{{info}}
16	16	==== 1.1 Project Title ====
17		-Innovative approaches to applied computations and software development for gender equality regulation on labour market
	17	+**Innovative approaches to applied computations and software development for gender equality regulation on labour market**
18	18	{{/info}}
19	19
	20	+{{info}}
20	20	==== 1.2 Project Science and Technology Areas: ====
	22	+|(% width="15%" %)**Primary:**    | Industrial Technologies
	23	+|(% width="15%" %)**Secondary:**  | Environmental and Non-Nuclear Energy Research
	24	+{{/info}}
21	21
22		-**Primary:**      Industrial Technologies
23		-**Secondary:**    Environmental and Non-Nuclear Energy Research
24	24
	27	+==== 1.3 Project Manager: ====
25	25
26		-**1.3 Project Manager:**
	29	+|(% width="15%" %)**Name:**        | Colesnicova Tatiana Vladimir (PhD, Associate Professor)
	30	+|(% width="15%" %)**Phone:**       | (+373.22) 501104
	31	+|(% width="15%" %)**Fax:**         | (+373.22) 743794
	32	+|(% width="15%" %)**E-mail:**      | ctania@gmail.com
27	27
	34	+==== 1.4 Coordinating Institution: ====
	35	+|(% width="15%" %)**Name:**        | National Institute for Economic Research of Ministry of Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of  of Moldova
	36	+|(% width="15%" %)**Address:**     | MD-2064, 45, Ion Creanga, Сhisinau, Moldova
28	28
29		-**Name:**            Colesnicova Tatiana Vladimir (PhD, Associate Professor)
	38	+==== 1.5 Participating institution manager: ====
30	30
31		-**Phone:**            (+373.22) 501104
	40	+|(% width="15%" %)**Name:**        | Colesnicov Alexandru Eugeniu (PhD, Associate Professor)
	41	+|(% width="15%" %)**Phone:**       | (+373.22) 738073
	42	+|(% width="15%" %)**Fax:**         | (+373.22) 738027
	43	+|(% width="15%" %)**E-mail:**      | acolesnicov@gmx.com
32	32
33		-**Fax:**                (+373.22) 743794
	45	+==== 1.6 Participating Institution: ====
34	34
35		-**E-mail:**           ctania@gmail.com
	47	+|(% width="15%" %)**Name:**       | Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science  of Ministry of Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of  of Moldova
	48	+|(% width="15%" %)**Address:**    | MD-2028, Academy, 5, Chisinau, Moldova
36	36
	50	+==== 1.7 Foreign Collaborators: ====
37	37
38		-**1.4 Coordinating Institution:**
	52	+|(% width="15%" %)**Person:**      |     Vasa Laszlo
	53	+|(% width="15%" %)**Country:**     |   Hungary
	54	+|(% width="15%" %)**Organization:**|Institute For Foreign Affairs And Trade
	55	+|(% width="15%" %)**Phone:**       |     (+36.1) 2795702
	56	+|(% width="15%" %)**Fax:**         |       (+36.1) 2795701
	57	+|(% width="15%" %)**E-mail:**      |     laszlo.vasa@ifat.hu
39	39
40		-**Name:**            National Institute for Economic Research of Ministry of Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of  of Moldova
	59	+|(% width="15%" %)**Person:**        |Ghinararu Catalin-Corneliu
	60	+|(% width="15%" %)**Country:**       |Romania
	61	+|(% width="15%" %)**Organization:** |National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection
	62	+|(% width="15%" %)**Phone:**         |(+40.21) 3124069
	63	+|(% width="15%" %)**Fax:**           |(+40.21) 3117595
	64	+|(% width="15%" %)**E-mail:**        |catalin.ghinararu@gmail.com
41	41
42		-**Address:**        MD-2064, 45, Ion Creanga, Сhisinau, Moldova
	66	+|(% width="15%" %)**Person:**      | Forascu Corina
	67	+|(% width="15%" %)**Country:**     | Romania
	68	+|(% width="15%" %)**Organization:**| Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi
	69	+|(% width="15%" %)**Phone:**       | (+40.232) 201090
	70	+|(% width="15%" %)**Fax:**         | (+40.232) 201490
	71	+|(% width="15%" %)**E-mail:**      | corina.forascu@gmail.com
43	43
	73	+|(% width="15%" %)**Person:**      | Ciobanu Ghenadie
	74	+|(% width="15%" %)**Country:**     | Romania
	75	+|(% width="15%" %)**Organization:**| National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection
	76	+|(% width="15%" %)**Phone:**       | (+40.213) 124069
	77	+|(% width="15%" %)**Fax:**         | (+40.213) 117595
	78	+|(% width="15%" %)**E-mail:**      | ghenadc@gmail.com
44	44
45		-**1.5 Participating institution manager:**
	80	+|(% width="15%" %)**Person:**      | Verlan Serghei
	81	+|(% width="15%" %)**Country:**     | France
	82	+|(% width="15%" %)**Organization:**| Universite Paris Est Creteil, LACL, Departement Informatique
	83	+|(% width="15%" %)**Phone:**       | (+33.0) 145176600
	84	+|(% width="15%" %)**Fax:**         | (+33.0) 145176600
	85	+|(% width="15%" %)**E-mail:**      | verlan@u-pec.fr
46	46
	87	+==== 1.8 Project location and facilities: ====
47	47
48		-
49		-**Name:**            Colesnicov Alexandru Eugeniu (PhD, Associate Professor)
50		-
51		-**Phone:**            (+373.22) 738073
52		-
53		-**Fax:**                (+373.22) 738027
54		-
55		-**E-mail:**           acolesnicov@gmx.com
56		-
57		-
58		-**1.6 Participating Institution:**
59		-
60		-
61		-
62		-**Name:**            Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science  of Ministry of Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of  of Moldova
63		-
64		-**Address:**        MD-2028, Academy, 5, Chisinau, Moldova
65		-
66		-
67		-**1.7 Foreign Collaborators:**
68		-
69		-
70		-
71		-**Person:**           Vasa Laszlo
72		-
73		-**Country:**        Hungary
74		-
75		-**Organization:**Institute For Foreign Affairs And Trade
76		-
77		-**Phone:**            (+36.1) 2795702
78		-
79		-**Fax:**                (+36.1) 2795701
80		-
81		-**E-mail:**           laszlo.vasa@ifat.hu
82		-
83		-
84		-
85		-**Person:**           Ghinararu Catalin-Corneliu
86		-
87		-**Country:**        Romania
88		-
89		-**Organization:**National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection
90		-
91		-**Phone:**            (+40.21) 3124069
92		-
93		-**Fax:**                (+40.21) 3117595
94		-
95		-**E-mail:**           catalin.ghinararu@gmail.com
96		-
97		-
98		-
99		-**Person:**           Forascu Corina
100		-
101		-**Country:**        Romania
102		-
103		-**Organization:**Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi
104		-
105		-**Phone:**            (+40.232) 201090
106		-
107		-**Fax:**                (+40.232) 201490
108		-
109		-**E-mail:**           corina.forascu@gmail.com
110		-
111		-
112		-
113		-**Person:**           Ciobanu Ghenadie
114		-
115		-**Country:**        Romania
116		-
117		-**Organization:**National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection
118		-
119		-**Phone:**            (+40.213) 124069
120		-
121		-**Fax:**                (+40.213) 117595
122		-
123		-**E-mail:**           ghenadc@gmail.com
124		-
125		-
126		-
127		-**Person:**           Verlan Serghei
128		-
129		-**Country:**        France
130		-
131		-**Organization:**Universite Paris Est Creteil, LACL, Departement Informatique
132		-
133		-**Phone:**            (+33.0) 145176600
134		-
135		-**Fax:**                (+33.0) 145176600
136		-
137		-**E-mail:**           verlan@u-pec.fr
138		-
139		-
140		-
141		-**1.8 Project location and facilities:**
142		-
143		-
144	144	The National Institute for Economic Research is located in Chisinau, Ion Creanga str., 45. It has 60 rooms. The project team members (3 persons) from this institute are working in 2 of them: 307, 302. The Institute possesses the necessary infrastructure for research in economic science: own library, a network of 85 computers connected to Internet, printers, scanners, Xerox, fax.
145	145
146	146	The Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science is located in Chisinau, Academiei str., 5. It has 50 rooms. The project team members (3 persons) from this institute are working in 2 of them: 308, 318. The Institute possesses the necessary infrastructure for research in computer science: own library, a network of 80 computers connected to Internet, printers, scanners, Xerox, fax.
...	...	@@ -147,20 +147,12 @@
147	147
148	148	The research team from both institutes has the necessary computer resources (six PCs are available) and capabilities for successful realization of the project.
149	149
	95	+=== 2.  Detailed Description of Work Plan ===
150	150
	97	+==== 2.1 Introduction ====
151	151
	99	+**//What is the problem?//**
152	152
153		-**2          Detailed Description of Work Plan**
154		-
155		-
156		-**2.1 Introduction**
157		-
158		-
159		-== What is the problem? ==
160		-
161		-//Describe the current state of the problem, the area of research, and why this problem is important.//
162		-
163		-
164	164	Women represent one half of the global population. They deserve equal access to health, education, decent work, workplaces free from discrimination and political representation. According to the //Klaus Schwab// - Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum: “People and their talents are two of the core drivers of sustainable, long-term economic growth. If half of these talents are underdeveloped or underutilized, the economy will never grow as it could. Multiple studies have shown that healthy and educated women are more likely to have healthier and more educated children, creating a positive, virtuous cycle for the broader population. … Governments have an important role to play in creating policies that provide women and men with equal access to opportunities, companies must also create workplaces where the best talent can flourish” [1, preface].
165	165
166	166	The problem of gender equality is significant at the international level, which is reflected in a lot of international acts. Several documents regulating the ensuring of equality between men and women in society were adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations. In particular, the problems of equality of rights and possibilities for men and women are separated as an independent theme in the United Nations act “//The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women//” (CEDAW, 1979). This Convention emphasizes that the discrimination of women, namely, distinction, exclusion, or limitation on the gender base, takes place, and admits that “the change in the traditional role of men as well as the role of women in society and in the family is needed to achieve full equality between men and women..., and the social significance of maternity and the role of both parents in the family and in the upbringing of children, and aware that the role of women in procreation should not be a basis for discrimination but that the upbringing of children requires a sharing of responsibility between men and women and society as a whole” [2, preamble]. Also, the member states of the UN identified this topic as one of the eight Millennium Development Goals.
...	...	@@ -178,18 +178,12 @@
178	178	* Trade unions: associate and represent workers, provide collective protection, and advance interests of workers before employers and the state.
179	179	* Society: forms customs and traditions that establish mentality in the country.
180	180
181		-The influence** **of**// //**//employers// on gender equality in employment is really great. It is important to pass the gender-oriented laws, to create gender institutions in the states, but it is also important to solve problems on the micro-economic level. All practical mechanisms of realization of any gender policy at the micro-economic level are closely related with the enterprises of different ownership, sizes, and kinds of activity. Implementation of real practical measures to insure gender equality in employment is reasonable and effective on the level of enterprises. The complexity is that each sep­arate enterprise has its individual system of internal management. The results of gender actions within the framework of such internal control system of the company can be maximal because men and women work at these enterprises daily facing those internal features of the management and rules. Would these practical mechanisms of perfection of gender equality be closely coordinated as a component of internal management of the enterprises, the results from those mechanisms will make positive impact on the particular workers of the particular enterprises.
	118	+The influenc eof employers on gender equality in employment is really great. It is important to pass the gender-oriented laws, to create gender institutions in the states, but it is also important to solve problems on the micro-economic level. All practical mechanisms of realization of any gender policy at the micro-economic level are closely related with the enterprises of different ownership, sizes, and kinds of activity. Implementation of real practical measures to insure gender equality in employment is reasonable and effective on the level of enterprises. The complexity is that each sep­arate enterprise has its individual system of internal management. The results of gender actions within the framework of such internal control system of the company can be maximal because men and women work at these enterprises daily facing those internal features of the management and rules. Would these practical mechanisms of perfection of gender equality be closely coordinated as a component of internal management of the enterprises, the results from those mechanisms will make positive impact on the particular workers of the particular enterprises.
182	182
	120	+==== 2.1 Literature Search ====
183	183
	122	+**//What are other people doing?//**
184	184
185		-**2.1       Literature Search**
186		-
187		-
188		-== What are other people doing? ==
189		-
190		-//Describe the main achievements and weak points in this field in the world and in your own country.    List the leading scientists and other specialists in this field. Be sure to look beyond the Commonwealth of Independent States, to include the other major scientific and industrial nations, when compiling this list.//
191		-
192		-
193	193	The gender inequality problems were discussed in 60-70th years of ХХ-th century by American scientists in the //neo-classical theory//, particularly, by G. Becker, L. Thurow, T. Schultz, etc. Till now the neo-classical direction is the most developed. The economic reasons of men and women inequality and their consequences were researched by the following scientists: P. Doeringer and M. Piore, E. Phelps, D. Aigner and G. Cain, etc. The elaboration of the instruments for the gender equality evaluation in the sphere of employment was reflected in works of the following scientists: R. Anker, O. Duncan, J. Mincer, R. Oaxaca, A. Blinder, etc.
194	194
195	195	On the basis of "human capital" concept, J. Mincer invented the econometric model, which has established dependence between person’s earnings and educational level, experience, and other factors characterizing the human capital accumulated by the worker [3]. Further, other indicators were included in Mincer's equation, for example, socially-demographic characteristics, such as gender, residence, marital status, enterprise sector (state or private), number of employees at the enterprise, number of subordinates, full/part work time, etc.